Different types of tyres are used in a vehicle. The tyre pattern and the trade are important for the grip on the ground. Also, the quality of the tyres over the different terrains matters a lot. In this article, I will discuss the details of the types of tyres used in a vehicle.
Types of tyres
The Tyre is mounted on the wheel rim. It has to carry the vehicle load and provide a cushioning effect by absorbing flexing actions. It must provide a minimum noise, while the wheel is turning on the road. It resists the tendency for the vehicle to oversteer and turn into the blend while cornering.
Two types of tyres are used in a vehicle. These are:
Tube Tyre
It is a traditional tyre. It encloses a tube in which air is forced to high pressure as a cushioning medium. The
outer portion of the tyre that rolls on the road is made of synthetic rubber and it is called trade. At the inner edges, beads are formed by reinforcing with steel wires.
The beds act as strong shoulders for bearing against the wheel rim. Rayon cords are formed into some piles. The treads provide resistance against slipping and thicker surfaces at the other periphery.
Tubeless tyres
The tubeless tyre does not enclose the tube. The air under pressure is filled in the tyre itself. The inner
construction of this tyre is almost the same as that of the tube tyre. A non-return valve is fitted to the rim through which air is forced inside the tyre.
The tubeless tyres are lighter and run cooler than the tube tyres. The main advantage of a tubeless tyre is that it retains air for a long period even after being punctured by a nail, provided the nail remains in the tyre. Also, any hole in the tubeless tyre can be repaired simply by rubber plugging.
Types of Tyres Summary
The tubeless and tube tyres are called pneumatic tyres, in which air is forced inside the tube itself or in a tube
that is fitted into the tyre. In both cases, the air is a cushioning medium. But in solid tubes, it is not so. Neither the air forced inside the tyre nor the tube is enclosed inside it.
The tyre is completely solid and is mounted on the wheel rim, it runs for a long time. Even since man invented the wheel, things began to move. Centuries later John Boyd Dunlop invested in the pneumatic tyre and wheels moved faster and better. Then Dunlop India brought tyre manufacturers to India in a big way.
Tyre Construction
The Tyre construction is divided into two classes –
- Cross-ply tyre construction
- Radial ply tyre construction
In the cross-ply tyre construction, the alternative layers of cords run in opposite diagonal directions. It is also known as cross-bias tyre construction. This type of tyre has better wear and road-holding characteristics. But they must not be fitted on the front wheels only.
In Radial ply tyre construction, the cords run radially from bead to bead.
Various Components of Tyres
Some of the components of the tyres are:
Tread: The shoulder-to-shoulder width of the tyre represents the trade. Natural as well as synthetic rubber is used for the trade of the tyre. The natural rubber helps the tyre to stay cooler during running.
Breaker: The two top piles of the tyre are referred to as breakers. They are widely spaced as compared to the other piles. This pile helps in spreading the shocks received from the road.
Casing: The tyre casings are made up of layers of cord impregnated with rubber. The number of layers of cord varies according to the use of the tyre. Motor car tyres usually have 4-6 piles. Heavy-duty truck and bus tyres may have up to 22 piles whereas for earthmoving machinery the tire may have up to 34 piles.
Side walls: The side walls are of rubber compound which serves as a protective covering to the casing. A tyre may have a black or white side wall. Both the side walls have the same performance as the tyre.
Beads: Coils of wires represent the beds. These wires are of high-tensile steel which is
built into the edges of the tyre to give strong edges to press against the inner edge of the rim.
Conclusion
So the types of tyres depend on the size and the perspective of the vehicle. Different trade is used for different road conditions. So the selection of tyres is important for the ride of the vehicle.
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