Spherical shape combustion chambers.

In the spherical shape combustion chambers, the inlet and exhaust valves are fitted in the cylinder head. The spark plug may be at the side or at the top of the cylinder head.

1. Knocking is very low. 
2. Because of the turbulence, the pollution is less. 
3. The volumetric efficiency of this type of engine is high. 

T-shape-

T-shape combustion chamber

Open Combustion Chamber

An open combustion chamber is used in medium and high-speed engines. The combustion chamber is made like a groove inside the top of the piston. The injector is fitted at the center of the cylinder head so that it injects the fuel into the combustion chamber. The engines of Leyland buses use this type of combustion chamber

Swirl combustion chamber

Swirl is a circular motion that is given to the incoming air during the suction stroke. In the swirl combustion chamber (also known as turbulence combustion chamber) the air is given a swirl while coming into the cylinder. The fuel is injected into this swirled air so that the mixing and burning of fuel take place completely. Swirl is very important in the CI engine it may be achieved during the process of suction (induction), compression, or combustion.

Squish combustion chamber

Squish is a flow of air that goes from the periphery to the center of the cylinder. To get a squish combustion chamber, a groove is made inside the piston head. During the compression stroke when the piston moves from BDC to TDC, it squeezes the air from its periphery toward the center. This action gives turbulence to the air. The fuel is injected at the center of the combustion chamber. Sometimes the squish combustion chamber is made inside the cylinder head.

Air cell combustion chamber

An air cell is a small combustion chamber connected through the air in a narrow passage with the main combustion chamber, as shown in Fig. During the compression stroke, the air is compressed in the air cell also. When the fuel is injected into the main combustion chamber, it burns and the piston moves down. At this time the compressed hot air of the air cell comes into the main combustion chamber, creating turbulence and making the complete combustion. Air cells are used mostly in high-speed engines. Like the pre-combustion chamber, the air cell requires a heater plug to heat the compressed air. The engines having air cells require a high compression ratio. There is more heat loss due to the increased surface of the cylinder with the air cell. 

Energy cell combustion chamber

The energy cell is also known as the Lanova combustion chamber. It works on the principle of air cells and pre-combustion chambers. The energy cell is connected through a narrow passage with the main combustion chamber and consists of a major cell and a minor cell. These two cells are connected by a narrow opening, which can be closed by a plunger. At the time of starting the engine, the narrow opening is kept closed which increases the capacity of the combustion chamber. When the engine is started, the narrow opening is opened which connects the major cell with the minor cell. When the fuel is injected into the main combustion chamber, some part of it, about 10%, goes into the energy cell also. The combustion takes place first in the main combustion chamber and then spreads up to the energy cell, where pressure increases. As the piston moves down, the hot gases from the energy cell come into the main combustion chamber due to pressure difference, creating turbulence and making the complete combustion.