Machine vs Engine is really a confusing term. Both tools are created by the human. If you want to know about the details of machine vs engine. You are in the right place.
Machine vs Engine
In this article, I will discuss the main topic Machine vs Engine.
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Machine vs Engine
A machine can be defined as a device or mechanism that uses energy or power to perform a specific task or function. Machines can be both simple, with a few basic parts, or complex, incorporating intricate systems and advanced technologies.
Where an Engine is a device that can repeat its activity again and again and also converts one energy to another. An engine is typically a complex device that generates power by utilizing fuel combustion or other energy sources.
Types of hammer in Hindi- एक हथौड़ा एक हाथ का उपकरण है जिसका उपयोग कील, धातु या लकड़ी के काम को मारने या मारने के लिए किया जाता है। इसमें एक हैंडल और उससे जुड़ा एक भारित सिर होता है।
इस लेख में, मैं हिंदी में 12 विभिन्न प्रकार के हथौड़ों पर चर्चा करूंगा।
Types of Hammer in Hindi
हथौड़ा मनुष्य का आदिम औजार है। प्राचीन काल में लकड़ी के टुकड़े को कसने और प्रहार करने के लिए पत्थर का प्रयोग किया जाता था। इसके निर्माण में अब भी कोई बदलाव नहीं हुआ है। मारने के लिए पत्थर के सिर के बजाय धातु के सिर का उपयोग किया जाता है।
ऑटोमोबाइल क्षेत्रों और अन्य क्षेत्रों में भी विभिन्न प्रकार के हथौड़ों का उपयोग किया जाता है। इस लेख में, मैं हथौड़ों के सभी संभावित उपयोगों को शामिल करने का प्रयास करूंगा। एक हथौड़ा एक उपकरण है जिसका उपयोग किसी वस्तु या सतह पर जोरदार झटका देने के लिए किया जाता है।
हथौड़ों का उपयोग आमतौर पर अनुप्रयोगों की एक विस्तृत श्रृंखला में किया जाता है, जिसमें निर्माण, लकड़ी का काम, धातु का काम और बहुत कुछ शामिल है।
A Fuel Feed Pump, also known as a fuel transfer pump, is a crucial component of a fuel system in a vehicle, generator, or any other type of machinery that requires fuel to function. The purpose of a Fuel Feed Pump is to transfer fuel from the fuel tank to the engine’s fuel injection system at the correct pressure and volume.
Fuel Feed Pump
In this article, I will discuss Fuel Feed Pumps.
Fuel Feed Pump–
Fuel Feed Pump comes in various types, including mechanical and electric pumps. Mechanical Fuel Feed Pump is typically used in older vehicles and is driven by the engine’s camshaft or a dedicated shaft. They rely on a diaphragm or plunger to draw fuel from the tank and push it toward the engine. On the other hand, electric fuel feed pumps are more common in modern vehicles and use an electric motor to draw fuel from the tank and transfer it to the engine.
Fuel feed pumps operate on the principle of positive displacement, which means that they deliver a consistent amount of fuel to the engine regardless of the engine’s demand. This is essential to ensure that the engine always receives the correct amount of fuel to run efficiently and avoid damage. Fuel Feed Pumps are also designed to maintain a specific fuel pressure, which is necessary to achieve the optimal fuel-air mixture for combustion.
In addition to transferring fuel to the engine, Fuel Feed Pumps also play a critical role in removing air and vapor from the fuel system. Air and vapor can form in the fuel tank and lines due to temperature changes or a low fuel level. These pockets of air can disrupt the fuel flow and cause the engine to run poorly or stall. Fuel feed pumps use a venting system to remove any air or vapor in the fuel system and maintain a consistent flow of fuel to the engine.
Fuel Feed Pump Design–
The fuel feed pump is constructed as a single-acting Fuel Feed Pump or double-acting Fuel Feed Pump and is usually provided with a hand-priming device and preliminary filter. Both diagrams are shown below.
A fuel Nozzle Holder is a device that is used to secure fuel nozzles in place during fueling operations. They are commonly used in fuel dispensing systems at gas stations, airports, and other locations where fuel is distributed.
Fuel nozzle holder.
In this article, I will discuss the fuel Nozzle Holder.
Nozzle holder–
Nozzle holder
Many different fuel Nozzle Holder is available, each designed for specific fuel nozzles or fuel systems. Some holders are made from durable metals like stainless steel or aluminum, while others are made from plastics or other materials.
To locate the nozzle in the correct position in the engine cylinder head, specifically designed Nozzle Holders are provided. This carries a valve spring and a spindle through which the compression on the spring can be adjusted by the compression screw, thus the pressure at which the nozzle valve is forced off its seating can be regulated. At the lower end of the holder is a highly finished face that forms a joint with the flange of the nozzle body when tightened using the nozzle cap nut.
Oil is fed through the piping connected to the fuel inlet connection via a boring in the Nozzle Holder which connects with an annular semi-circular groove on the ground face of the nozzle body. The slight leakage of oil accumulating within the Nozzle Holder is sufficient to lubricate the nozzle and can be led away via a pipe fitted to the leak-off connections.
The service life of the valve spring can be increased by careful treatment. To avoid damage likely to be caused by moisture corrosion during storage, handling, or condensation due to temperature changes in service, it is recommended that these springs are inspected, cleaned, and greased whenever the nozzles are removed.
Nozzle holder assembly–
Nozzle holder assembly.
When preparing to fit a Nozzle Holder into the cylinder head, care should be taken to see that the special copper washer is provided to make the joint between the nozzle cap nut and the cylinder head. No washer is required when engines have an integral copper face in the injector pocket. This joint washer should be an easy but not loose fit for the nozzle body and as this is quite an important feature, on no account should normal sparking plug washers be used.
The metal of the cylinder head, the faces of the copper joint washer, and the face of the nozzle cap nut should be cleaned in order to facilitate the making of a leak-proof joint. It is also advisable to fit a new joint washer whenever the Nozzle Holder is replaced after having been removed for cleaning.
When fitting the Nozzle Holder in position, care should be taken to see that it is an easy fit in the cylinder head tunnel and on the holding-down studs, so that it can be placed down on the copper joint without force of any kind. If the nozzle end seems tight in the injector pocket, the pocket should be tightened down evenly in order to prevent the nozzle from being canted and so “nipped ” in the cylinder head. This is very important, since any unevenness in tightening down may cause distortion of the nozzle and subsequent failure of the latter.
A fuel injection nozzle is a component of an internal combustion engine that is responsible for delivering fuel into the engine’s combustion chamber. The nozzle is designed to atomize the fuel into a fine mist, which improves combustion efficiency and reduces emissions.
In this article, I will discuss the types of fuel injector nozzles.
Fuel injector nozzle types–
The choice of fuel injection nozzle depends on the engine’s design, performance requirements, and fuel type. There are several types of fuel injection nozzles:
1. Single-hole nozzle
Single-hole nozzle
The single-hole nozzle has one hole drilled centrally through its body which is closed by the nozzle valve. The hole can be of any diameter from 0.2 mm upwards. A variation of this type, shown in Fig, is known as the conical end nozzle. In this case, the single hole is bored at an angle to the vertical center line of the valve as required.
2. Multi-hole nozzle
Multi-hole nozzle
The multi-hole nozzle can have a varying number of holes drilled in the bulbous end under the valve seating, their actual number, size, and disposition are dependent upon the requirements of the engine concerned.
3. Long stem nozzles
Long-stem nozzles
For direct injection engines where, owing to limited space between the valves in the cylinder head, it is not possible to provide adequate cooling for the standard short stem nozzle, an alternative form of a nozzle with a small diameter extension has been developed.
4. Pintle nozzles
Pintle nozzle
In the case of the pintle nozzle which is designed for use in engine combustion chambers of the air cell, swirl chamber, or pre-combustion type, the valve stem is extended to form a pin or pintle which protrudes through the mouth of the nozzle body. By modifying the size and shape of this pintle, sprays varying from a hollow parallel-sided pencil form up to a hollow cone with an angle of 60° or more can be provided.
Fuel injection nozzles are devices used in fuel injection systems to deliver fuel into an internal combustion engine. These nozzles are designed to precisely meter and deliver fuel to the engine’s combustion chamber at the right time and quantity, which is crucial for efficient and effective engine operation. Fuel …
D(caps)iesel fuel filters are an essential component of a diesel engine’s fuel system. They are responsible for removing impurities and contaminants from the diesel fuel before it enters the engine. Diesel fuel contains various impurities such as water, dirt, rust, and other contaminants that can damage fuel injectors and other engine components. The diesel fuel filters trap these contaminants and prevent them from reaching the engine.
Diesel fuel filters.
In this article, I will discuss full details about diesel fuel filters.
Diesel fuel filters–
Dirt carried in the fuel is recognized as a prime source of trouble and inefficiency in diesel engine operation, as it is the cause of wear in the fuel injection pump and nozzles. The fuel injection pump is a sturdy, well-designed piece of equipment that will give trouble-free service for many thousands of hours running, provided the fuel is clean, but if dirt, especially fine dust, is allowed to pass into the system in the fuel, then wear follows with it irregular running and loss of power; maintenance costs will become heavy and engines will need frequent attention. Where sedimentation in the supply tank can be efficiently carried out, this will greatly reduce the amount of dirt carried in the fuel. Under working conditions, however, it is absolutely essential that the fuel be properly filtered before entering the injection pump.
Diesel fuel filters- method of operation-
The fuel enters the filter bowl through the inlet connection, then passes through the filter element and leaves the filter through the outlet orifice completely clean. In multi-stage (dual) filters, the fuel oil flows first through the primary filter and then through the secondary micro filter before continuing to the fuel injection pump.
Prior to putting it into operation or after cleaning and changing the filter element the filter must be filled with fuel oil through the filler plug orifice on the filter cover. After filling, the filler plug should be replaced immediately and the filtered air vented.
Diesel fuel filters diagram.
The importance of care in replacing the element, and avoiding getting dirt on the clean side of the filter, cannot be over-emphasized, as many complaints of fuel pump element wear can be traced to a lack of care in the servicing of filters. When choking takes place, this is usually found to be due to a waxy sludge which is deposited from the fuel. If filters are found to choke in an unreasonably short time this will probably point to an unsatisfactory fuel supply or storage tank installation and should be taken to find out how and a what point an undue amount of impurities can enter the system.
The diesel fuel injection system is the most complicated and crucial component in working the CI engine. The engine performance, power o/p, economy, etc greatly depend on the fuel-injection system’s effectiveness.
Diesel Fuel Injection System.
I will discuss the diesel fuel injection system.
Diesel Fuel Injection System–
The fuel system of a diesel engine consists of many components. The main difference between the fuel system of a diesel engine and that of a petrol engine is that the fuel system of a diesel engine consists of an injector, instead of a carburetor, the remaining items being the same.
In a diesel engine, only the air is sucked and compressed inside the cylinder. At the end of the compression stroke, the diesel fuel is injected by an injector in the compressed air, which ignites due to the heat of compression and gives a power pulse to the piston. The fuel pump delivers fuel at comparatively low pressure to the injector. Every cylinder is fitted with an injector. The quantity of fuel to be injected is controlled by the injector. If less fuel is injected, less power will be developed and the engine will run slowly.
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With the effective compression ratio of 14:1, the initial temperature of 60 degrees Celsius, and assuming true adiabatic compression, the resulting temperature at T.D.C would be 675 degrees Celsius. These conditions would be approximately attained at fuel load and full speed. This temperature of 675 degrees Celsius is more than sufficient to ignite diesel fuels, which have self-ignition temperatures in the air at atmospheric pressure ranging from 350 degrees Celsius to 450 degrees Celsius.
Requirements of a diesel fuel injection system-
The fuel system of a diesel engine.
The purpose of carburetion & fuel injection is the same i.e. preparation of the combustible charge. But in the case of carburetion, fuel is atomized by processes relying on the air speed greater than the fuel speed at the fuel nozzle. In contrast, in fuel injection the fuel speed at the point of delivery is greater than the airspeed to atomize the fuel. The functional requirements of an injection system are listed below;
The introduction of the fuel into the combustion chamber should take place within a precisely defined period of the cycle.
The metering of the amount of fuel injected per cycle should be done very accurately.
The quantities of fuel metered should vary to meet the changing load & speed requirements.
The injection rate should be such that it results in the desired heat-release pattern.
The injected fuel must be broken into very fine droplets.
Proper spray pattern to ensure rapid mixing of fuel & air.
The beginning & end of the injection should be sharp.
Timing the injection of the fuel correctly in the cycle so that maximum power is obtained, ensuring economy & clean burning.
Uniform distribution of fuel droplets throughout the combustion chamber.
To accomplish these requirements the following functional elements are required in a fuel injection system-
1. Pumping element-
To move the fuel from the fuel tank to the cylinder & piping etc.
2. Metering elements-
To measure & supply the fuel at the rate demanded by load & speed.
3. Metring control-
To adjust the rate of metering elements for changes in load & speed of
the engine.
4. Disturbing elements-
To divide the metered fuel equally among the cylinders.
5. Timing controls-
To adjust the start & the stop of injection.
6. Mixing elements-
To atomize & distribute the fuel within the combustion chamber.
Classification of diesel fuel injection system-
Diesel fuel injection systems deliver fuel to the engine’s combustion chamber in a diesel engine. These systems are crucial for the engine to operate efficiently and produce the desired power output. There are several types of diesel fuel injection systems, each with unique characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. Diesel fuel injection systems can be divided into two basic types. They are-
Air injection system.
Solid injection system.
1. Air injection system-
Air injection system.
In this method, fuel is forced into the cylinder using compressed air to very high pressure. The rate of fuel admission can be controlled by varying the pressure of air. The fuel is metered & pumped to the fuel valve by a camshaft-driven fuel pump. The fuel valve is opened using a mechanical linkage operated by the camshaft which controls the timing of injection. The fuel valve is also connected to a high-pressure air line fed by a multi-stage compressor which supplies air at a pressure of about 60 to 70 bar.
It provides better atomization & distribution of fuel.
Heavy & viscous fuels, which are cheaper can also be injected.
Disadvantages-
This method is not used nowadays. The disadvantages are-
It requires high-pressure multi-stage compression.
A separate mechanical linkage is required to time the operation of the fuel valve.
Due to the compression & the linkage the bulk of the engine increases. This also results in reduced BP due to power loss in operating the compression & linkage.
In case of sticking of the fuel valve, the system becomes quite dangerous due to the presence of high-pressure air.
2. Solid injection system-
In this method fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber without primary atomization is termed a solid injection. it is also termed a mechanical injection. Solid injection systems can be classified into four types:
1. Individual pump & injector-
Individual pump and injector.
In this system, each cylinder is provided with one pump & one injector. Also in this system, a separate metering & compression pump is provided for each cylinder. The pump may be placed close to the cylinder as shown in fig(a) or may be arranged in a cluster as shown in Fig. In a high-pressure pump, the plunger is actuated by a cam & produces the fuel pressure necessary to open the injector valve at the correct time. The amount of fuel injected depends on the effective stroke of the plunger.
